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This is an another article from Pawsitive Dawgs called "In Solitary" you might be interested in reading. From the first two paragraphs of the article:
Original posting November 21, 2009
Dogs that live full time or spend much of their day outside, in the yard, in the dog run or in the garden, separated from their people are spending undeserved time in solitary confinement.
Solitary confinement is used as a way of punishing social animals because we know just how aversive and damaging isolation is. Outdoor dogs have done nothing to deserve this life sentence.